The Cow
IN THE NAME OF GOD, THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE DISPENSER OF GRACE[2:190]
AND FIGHT in God’s cause against those who wage war against you, but do not commit aggression – for, verily, God does not love aggressors.

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* v.190 : This and the following verses lay down unequivocally that only self-defence (in the widest sense of the word) makes war permissible for Muslims. Most of the commentators agree in that the expression lā ta‘tadū signifies, in this context, “do not commit aggression”; while by al-mu‘tadīn “those who commit aggression” are meant. The defensive character of a fight “in God’s cause” – that is, in the cause of the ethical principles ordained by God – is, moreover, self-evident in the reference to “those who wage war against you,” and has been still further clarified in 22:39 – “permission [to fight] is given to those against whom war is being wrongfully waged” – which, according to all available Traditions, constitutes the earliest (and therefore fundamental) Qur’anic reference to the question of jihād, or holy war (see Tabarī and Ibn Kathīr in their commentaries on 22:39). That this early, fundamental principle of self-defence as the only possible justification of war has been maintained throughout the Qur’ān is evident from 60:8, as well as from the concluding sentence of 4:91, both of which belong to a later period than the above verse.